Quantum Computing

 Quantum computing is a field of computer science and engineering which studies the power of quantum mechanics to perform computations.


Many experts predict that quantum computers will usher in a new era of powerful tools for intellectual, industrial, and scientific endeavors; it is also theorized that such machines will be able to do things "thought impossible." Despite very recent progress, there are still many unsolved problems—and not just academic ones. 


Although based on the principles of quantum mechanics, this rapidly-moving field has its own distinct features, entailing concepts from physics and mathematics. The subject touches on aspects from both academia and industry.


Concepts studied in questions of quantum computing include quantum mechanics, quantum programming (or "quantum algorithms"), quantum error correction, quantum cryptography, and the physics of fundamental particles.


In classical computing, information is represented by discrete states or bits that are accessible through a sequence of instructions executed by a central processing unit (CPU). Quantum computing takes advantage of the "superposition"—a principle that enables many states to be present simultaneously—of quantum bits (qubits) to perform multiple operations in parallel. This includes both computation on a number of inputs and computational steps that are part of an algorithm. The parallelism is possible because errors can be detected quickly and corrected using a technique called super dense coding.


Parallel processing using the superposition principle is only possible in a quantum system, since otherwise all information would be lost in different states simultaneously, as they are when a particle is in two states at the same time. Researchers have used optical behavior of photons to encode and transmit data between photon-based qubits. In the most common form of computation with qubits, quantum annealing, using the laws of thermodynamics together with super dense coding

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